New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

What are the signs of a severe allergic reaction?

1. Decreased BP, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing

2. Pain in chest, rapid pulse, pallor, sweating

3. Decreased BP strong pulse, heavy breathing

4. Increased heart rate, rash, headache, fatigue

The correct answer is: Decreased BP, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing

The signs of a severe allergic reaction, also known as anaphylaxis, typically include decreased blood pressure, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. When an individual experiences anaphylaxis, the immune system releases a surge of chemicals that can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure. This is often accompanied by the swelling of tissues, particularly around the throat, which can obstruct the airway and cause difficulty in breathing. Itching and hives may also occur due to the release of histamines. Identifying these symptoms promptly is essential for effective emergency response, as anaphylaxis can be life-threatening. The presence of both respiratory distress and a drop in blood pressure makes option A clearly representative of the critical signs of this severe reaction. In contrast, the other options include symptoms that could be associated with different medical emergencies, such as cardiac or respiratory issues, rather than the specific indicators of a severe allergic reaction. Understanding the context of these signs helps in discriminating between various health emergencies and providing the appropriate care.