New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

Which signs indicate obvious death?

1. Rigor Mortis and bruising

2. Coma and unresponsiveness

3. Decomposition and dependent lividity

4. Severe trauma and unconsciousness

The correct answer is: Decomposition and dependent lividity

Obvious death is indicated by specific physiological signs that demonstrate the body has ceased all vital functions. Decomposition, which occurs when the body begins to break down following death, is a clear and unmistakable sign that life has ended. Additionally, dependent lividity—also known as hypostasis—refers to the pooling of blood in the lowest parts of the body due to gravity, which typically occurs several hours post-mortem. This pooling of blood creates a discoloration that confirms the absence of circulation and therefore, vital life functions. In contrast, rigor mortis and bruising, while they can be indicators of death under certain circumstances, do not represent obvious, definitive signs by themselves. Rigor mortis can take a few hours to develop and could suggest that death has occurred but does not confirm it beyond doubt without other indicators. Coma and unresponsiveness might indicate a serious medical condition but not necessarily death, as individuals can remain unresponsive for various reasons and still be alive. Severe trauma and unconsciousness also do not definitively indicate death, as a person can be severely injured and still be alive. Thus, the combination of decomposition and dependent lividity provides a clear and undeniable confirmation of death.